![]() ![]() Uzbekistan comprises 12 regions (vilayats), Tashkent City, and one autonomous republic, Karakalpakstan. ![]() ![]() Uzbekistan is a secular state, with a presidential constitutional government in place. It declared independence as the Republic of Uzbekistan in 1991. In 1924, national delimitation created the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic as a republic of the Soviet Union. All of Central Asia was gradually incorporated into the Russian Empire during the 19th century, with Tashkent becoming the political center of Russian Turkestan. Conquests by Emperor Babur towards the east led to the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India. The territories of the Timurid dynasty were conquered by Uzbek Shaybanids in the 16th century. Its capital was Samarkand, which became a centre of science under the rule of Ulugh Beg, giving birth to the Timurid Renaissance. Timur (Tamerlane) in the 14th century established the Timurid Empire. The local Khwarazmian dynasty was destroyed by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century, leading to a dominance by Turkic peoples. During this period, cities began to grow rich from the Silk Road, and became a center of the Islamic Golden Age. The early Muslim conquests and the subsequent Samanid Empire converted most of the people into adherents of Islam. The area was incorporated into the Achaemenid Empire and, after a period of Greco-Bactrian rule, was ruled by the Parthian Empire and later by the Sasanian Empire, until the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century. The first recorded settlers in the land of what is modern Uzbekistan were Eastern Iranian nomads, known as Scythians, who founded kingdoms in Khwarazm, Bactria, and Sogdia in the 8th–6th centuries BC, as well as Fergana and Margiana in the 3rd century BC – 6th century AD. Islam is the predominant religion, and most Uzbeks are Sunni Muslims. Uzbek is the majority language, while Russian is widely spoken and understood. Uzbekistan is part of the Turkic world, as well as a member of the Organization of Turkic States. It is surrounded by five countries: Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Tajikistan to the southeast, Afghanistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, making it one of only two doubly landlocked countries on Earth, along with Liechtenstein. Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston, Ўзбекистон UK: / ʊ z ˌ b ɛ k ɪ ˈ s t ɑː n, ʌ z-, - ˈ s t æ n/, US: / ʊ z ˈ b ɛ k ɪ s t æ n, - s t ɑː n/ ⓘ), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси), is a country located in Central Asia. dd.mm.yyyy format is used in Cyrillic scripts, including Russian.The next day was declared a national holiday by the Uzbek government, and became an Independence Day. On 31 August 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR voted to declare the country independent from the Soviet Union. ![]()
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